Eucalyptus based agro forestry systems for improving the. Impact of eucalyptus plantations on the ecology of rivers. Eucalyptus also contributes to the intense deposition of organic matter on the soil through leaves, bark and roots estimated at seven tones per hectare per year carpanezzi 1980, poggiani 1985, lima 1987, thus contributing to the soil fertility improvement. Thus 3% and 60% of the surveyed farmers have ranked eucalyptus tree as first and second source of their income respectively. The rainbow tree grows in decorative plant gardens. The effect of eucalyptus detritus leaves on soil fertility. Fuel wood, construction, and financial benefits are the main reasons of farmers in engaging with this farming activity. Land use land cover change can affect the ecological processes of an area such as hydrological cycle. In this research, saline eucalyptus was used to manufacture mediumdensity particleboard in an attempt to develop valueadded application for the saline wood. To examine the possible impacts of eucalyptus planting on soils. The leaves are aromatic, but they lack the rounded shape eucalyptus are known for. Eucalyptus trees can grow in almost every part of the country from turkana to central highlands and coastal lowlands.
We propose that this lack of consensus might result from differences in tree species, soil types, site conditions, climate, and the fact that the effects of eucalyptus on soil physicochemical and microbiological properties vary over time due to different factors, including tree requirements, canopy effects, environmental changes, and. Effect of eucalyptus expansion on surface runoff in the central highlands of ethiopia daniel jaleta1, boniface p. Hence eucalyptus tree has dominated all other food crops, chat and coffee next to enset. Land useland cover change can affect the ecological processes of an area such as hydrological cycle. Soil samplings were done by digging four to five pits at a distance of 5, 10, 15 and 20m from eucalyptus tree at two depths of 015 and 1545cm. In northern ethiopia, eucalyptus is the most commonly observed tree species in. The native plants grow in a more basic soil ph and the eucalyptus trees where making the soil acidic. The effect of eucalypts camaldulensis on soil properties and.
Mahoo1 and mulugeta lemenih2 abstract introduction. In northern ethiopia, eucalyptus is the most commonly observed tree species in community and household woodlots. The name eucalyptus is derived from the greek well covered. This study attempted to investigate the factors that substantiate the agroforestry adoption decisions of the farm households and its effect on farmland. Eucalyptus tree production in wolayita sodo, southern ethiopia. Eucalyptus deglupta is a spectacular tree, also known as rainbow eucalyptus. However, empirical evidence is lacking on the extent of.
Unlike most eucalyptus trees, it produces slender, willowlike leaves. Yes, it absorbs more water than any other tree, it is because of its sp. Eucalyptus and pine forests are the most representative tree species in the portuguese forestry sector, mainly. The economics of eucalyptus in agroforestry and its effects on agricultural crops have been studied with the help of observations made during the harvests in agricultural fields and from the information supplied by progressive farmers. However, empirical evidence is lacking on the extent of households. Global demand for all wood products is increasing, but the forest. Currently, ethiopian smallholder farmers mainly establish eucalypts woodlot as a part of livelihood portfolio for meeting both household wood consumption and generating cash income. Tree response was assessed by measuring survival, height, and.
However, the water use of eucalyptus is a controversial issue, and the impacts of. The age differences in the eucalyptus tree plantations had no significant effect on the amount of par reaching the understory crops. Due to the impact of eucalyptus tree species on ecological health and agricultural productivity, ecologists, policy makers and politicians have had a negative view on this tree species. Effect of eucalyptus expansion on surface runoff in the. This would make sense then why the restoration site, when it still had eucalyptus trees, did not have very many native plants and the ones that where there were sickly and dying.
This study compared the performance of eucalyptus camaldulensis dehnh. The location utm data of this farm, scale, and annual precipitation are shown in figure 1. Planting eucalyptus has a persistent effect on the land use of both temperate and tropical a reas by affecting the microclimate condition, decreasing soil fertility, attracting seed dispersers and. Plants in the genus eucalyptus have bark that is either smooth, fibrous, hard or stringy, leaves with oil glands, and sepals and petals that are fused to. Investigation of the effects of eucalyptus camaldulensis on. Its effect was compared to other land uses such as croton macrostachyus border plantation along maize farm regarding soil bulk density, moisture content and maize plant count and height and coffee garden. There is a need to understand why and which factors determine the decisions of smallscale farmers to grow shortrotation woodlots on their land. Sep 09, 2008 the effect of spacing on the growth of eucalyptus camaldulensis on saltaffected soils of the punjab, pakistan javaid akhtar, a z. Investigation of the effects of eucalyptus camaldulensis. On the farm eucalyptus tree growing okulima kalitunsi duration. Pdf impact of eucalyptus plantations on ground water and. Allelopathic effect of eucalyptus camaldulensis and. The expansion of eucalyptus farm forest and its socioeconomic. The expansion of eucalyptus farm forest and its socioeconomic background.
The role of trees for sustainable management of lessfavored. The eucalyptus genus yields high rates of productivity and can be grown across a wide range of site types and climates for products such as pulp, fuelwood, or construction lumber. Khan district planted with eucalyptus camaldulensis. Pdf expansion of eucalyptus woodlots in the fertile soils of the. Effects of afforestation with eucalyptus grandis on soil. If cut or damaged the tree exudes a great deal of sap that has many medicinal uses. Eucalyptus gunnii has interesting cream and brown bark and can grow to 80 feet tall. The role of trees for sustainable management of less. Along with other genera in the tribe eucalypteae, they are commonly known as eucalypts. Ecological impacts of eucalyptus plantation in eza wereda. Based on a field survey in two neighboring villages in. Clonal planting stock is used in the pointe noire plantations of eucalyptus tereticornis, e.
Moreover, land management planners can use this information in their decisions on land use in the study area where tree planting niches can be assigned. The radius of eucalyptus growing from the capital city addis ababa. Forest farming encompasses a range of cultivated systems from introducing plants into the understory of a timber stand to modifying forest stands to enhance the marketability and. Eucalyptus is an efficient biomass producer and can produce more biomass than many other tree species 5. The study revealed that households in the study area are benefiting from eucalyptus tree plantation. Eucalyptus camaldulensis was intercropped with rice and cassava, and stands were established in 2007 7yr old and in 2012 2yr old.
Despite the potential for eucalyptus to improve rural livelihoods, in 1997 the regional government of tigray imposed a ban on eucalyptus tree planting on. Furthermore the decomposition of the dead plant parts is very. The economic value of pine tree and eucalyptus forests. The proponents argue that land degradation, population growth, and drought threaten food security, and thus planting of eucalyptus trees on land which is unsuitable for. Ideally, you should purchase or lease a minimum of 1 acre piece of land. Development of eucalyptus plantations food and agriculture. Eucalyptus are known as the food of koalas and the major plant species in australia. A case study of two villages in khon kaen province, northeast thailand ubukata fumikazu abstract recently, eucalyptus farm forest has rapidly expanded in thailand, especially in the eastern and northeastern regions. Forests provide employment and contribute to the significantly portuguese gdp gross domestic product. There are wide ranges of effect of eucalyptus tree. Growing and planting of eucalypts tree at a farm level in the form of woodlot has become a common practice among ethiopian rural households.
Effect of acacia decurrens tree on soil physical properties the soil bulk density bd increased from 0. The development of woodlots as an additional source of livelihood and as a land management option for smallscale farmers is a challenging issue in the cerealbased subsistence farming systems of northwestern ethiopia. The tree has elongated rooting system and could have a minor chance of competing with the herbaceous shallow roots crops. Pdf ecological and social impacts of eucalyptus tree. Attributing a value to forest ecosystems is important to ensure their protection, as opposed to other land uses.
When planted properly in farmlands it will also serve. Forest farming is a type of agroforestry practice characterized by the four is. Eucalyptus depletes the the nutrients and moisture reserves of the soil and inhibits the undergrowth due to allelopathic properties. Soil samples were taken from 4 sites of three land uses eucalyptus woodlots, cropland, and eucalyptus land use changed to cropping and at 020, 2040 and 4060 cm depths. An afforestation experiment was also conducted at a farm named martins farm in a semiarid land of western australia as a case study. The leaf area index lai of the understory crops was significantly affected by eucalyptus trees of different ages p effect of eucalyptus on soil properties, crop production and water bodies. A study was conducted to assess the effect of land use change from eucalyptus to cropland on soil physicochemical properties and perceptions of farmers in koga irrigation area, amhara region. Australias koala listed as threatened species due to. This guide to on farm eucalyptus tree growing in kenya has been developed as a result of the increasing concern on the effect of the species on the hydrological cycle. Eucalyptus has become the most planted tree of the world.
In this research area, the original native forest had been felled, and the land had been turned into farmland. It is a fastgrowing source of wood, its oil can be used for cleaning and functions as a natural insecticide. Eucalyptus tree, eucalyptus cinerea, has the potential to be used as a biomass crop to help manage saline subsurface drainage water in arid land where irrigated agriculture is practiced. Eucalyptus tree plantations grow gum trees for eucalyptus wood and essential oil. Determinants of farmers decision making for plant eucalyptus. Factors affecting smallscale farmers land allocation and. Physical properties of thin particleboard made from saline. Improvement effect of semiarid land afforestation on soil. Eucalyptus is one of the trees can be grown with crops. Taungya system in commercial eucalyptus plantations inlao pdr. Young trees produce bluishgray leaves, while older trees produce silverfishgreen leaves. Preference, purpose, and pattern of eucalyptus tree farming in eza. Eucalyptus cinerea grows 25 to 60 feet tall in warm climates, but it is often grown as an annual shrub in colder climates, where it reaches 6 to 8 feet tall in one season. Pdf expansion of eucalyptus woodlots in the fertile soils.
Allelopathic effect of eucalyptus camaldulensis and eucalyptus grandis on phaseolus vulgaris and zea mays tree crop interaction wasihun regu research paper postgraduate agrarian studies publish your bachelors or masters thesis, dissertation, term paper or essay. Such factors affect the farmers decision on eucalyptus tree planting positively or. This is a reference to the flowers that have a cuplike covering that they shrug off when the bud blooms. T he main objective of this thesis was to examine whether the. This guide to onfarm eucalyptus tree growing in kenya has been developed as a result of the increasing concern on the effect of the species on the hydrological cycle. On top of that, farmers perceived that plots that were under eucalyptus have better fertility. In addition, from an environmental perspective, eucalyptus is less impactful than other. In addition, many eucalypts have the ability to coppice, making this genus an ideal candidate for use as a biofuel feedstock. Forest farming is the cultivation of highvalue specialty crops under a forest canopy that is intentionally modified or maintained to provide shade levels and habitat that favor growth and enhance production levels.
Eucalyptus dalrympleana grows 50 to 70 feet tall and has striking creamcolored bark. People near my hometown are following agroforestry model where they grow seasonal vegetables under eucalyptus without any additional fertilizer successfully. Eucalyptus has attracted attention from global development researchers and environmentalists. Introduction and main uses the genus eucalyptus has provided foresters and farmers with a valuable resource of fast growing species able to grow under a wide range of conditions depending on the particular species being used. However, the water use of eucalyptus is a controversial issue, and the. The eucalyptus is a species that loses more leaves in the summer. To find out the effect of eucalypts on the soil properties and fertility, a field under agroforestry was selected in d. Apr, 2011 on the farm eucalyptus tree growing okulima kalitunsi duration. In an environment suffering from biomass and water shortages, erosion and land degradation, fast growing and resilient eucalyptus perform better than most indigenous tree species.
Eucalyptus trees significantly affect available phosphorus avail. The effect of eucalypts camaldulensis on soil properties. The blue gum is the preferred timber tree and lemon eucalyptus is most popular for eucalyptus oil. Taungya system in commercial eucalyptus plantations inlao. Jan 14, 2010 the eucalyptus is a species that loses more leaves in the summer. In ethiopian highlands and in india for instance the tree is grown in farm and household boundaries. Mar 01, 2012 we propose that this lack of consensus might result from differences in tree species, soil types, site conditions, climate, and the fact that the effects of eucalyptus on soil physicochemical and microbiological properties vary over time due to different factors, including tree requirements, canopy effects, environmental changes, and. Subsisting on a diet of only eucalyptus leaves, the koala population has been nearly depleted as trees are cut down, and co2 emissions erode the nutritional value of the remaining plants. The case of eucalyptus farm and village woodlots in amhara region. Eucalypts along with acacia and pines have been the. There are claims that the species consumes a lot of water resulting in decrease and in some cases the drying of rivers, springs and lakes.
Effects of acacia decurrens green wattle tree on selected. Three rotations of eucalyptus in agroforestry were selected for comparative study of its returns and relative loss to the crops, in order to ascertain the. Effects of forest plantations on soil carbon sequestration. Determinants of the production and commercial values of. Large scale plantations have been raised in government owned and private farm lands. Thus, 3% and 60% of the surveyed farmers have ranked eucalyptus tree as first and second source of their income respectively. On the other hand, they also had to face problems associated with the plantations such as loss of agricultural land due to the establishment of plantations, crop destruction by wildlife, and conflicts with the forest guards.